Physics today is a cult

All atoms consist of indestructible, electrically charged hollow sphere and internally charged solid sphere. 

Charged particles cannot exist because the Coulomb force (10^38 of gravity) must attract them together

If atoms were made of electrons and protons, the entire universe would be one blob. All the stars will collide into one.

Physics today is a cult. For more than a hundred years, physicists have used false theories of subatomic particles to defraud nuclear fusion research funding, without success.

Science is a cult

Outer space has a very low density and pressure, and is the closest physical approximation of a perfect vacuum. But no vacuum is truly perfect, not even in interstellar space, where there are still a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter.
[link to en.wikipedia.org (secure)]

Physics knowledge after 1850 in Wiki and textbooks are full of BS. 

Space at sea level is 99.9% absolutely vacuum space. Air molecules only took 0.001 volume in the space around us. 

Gravity pulls all atoms in space into stars or planets.

Today's scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality. - Tesla

It is important to realize that in physics today, we have no knowledge of what energy is. We do not have a picture that energy comes in little blobs of a definite amount. It is not that way. -Feynman

All these fifty years of conscious brooding have brought me no nearer to the answer to the question, “What are light quanta?” Nowadays every Tom, Dick, and Harry thinks he knows it, but he is mistaken. - Einstein

Theoretical physics has been totally messed up since Einstein's relativity became mainstream.
Science became a religion; relativity, quantum mechanics, string theory, the standard model, the big bang theory, and cosmology are all based on imaginary made up word puzzles, impossible assumptions, misinterpretations, and false mathematical equations. No theory is based on fact and logic; no theory has a precise mechanism, or cause and effect explained.

There is no such thing in reality as a photon particle, quantum state, quantum energy, quantum field, quantum gravity, energy level, electron shell, electron-hole, electron cloud, wave-particle duality, wave function collapse, uncertainty principle, black hole, dark matter, dark energy, graviton, virtual particle, space-time, time dilation, gravitational lensing, quantum entanglement, or photoelectric effect. Space cannot tell matter how to move, and matter cannot tell space how to curve. There is no fabric of space-time, no ripples of gravity wave in the vacuum of space.

For example, time dilation is a misinterpretation of the timer’s reading charged at a different speed, gravity, or temperature. Put the same clocks in the Sun, Mars, Earth, and flying on a plane, and in a freezer for 24 hours, and every clock will have a different reading, but all spent the same 24 hours simultaneously

Gravitational lensing is a misinterpretation of the hot gas on the Sun or gas clouds in deep space deflected light, not gravity.

Quantum entanglement is a misinterpretation of Coulomb's force at work. All lines of sight charged particles are connected by F=Ke x PQ/R^2, and therefore, act as entangled.

A black hole is an imaginary stuff that has a huge mass that its gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape from it so it looks black. Based on Einstein’s theory that gravity can bend light and slow down the light speed. This is impossible. If gravity can slow down the light speed, Sunlight and flashlight will have different speeds. Every star light will have a different speed.

No theory, no scientist can explain how 1 electron and 1 proton can form into a stable hydrogen atom yet. Look at all the pictures of atoms, what do you see? Why scientists cannot build a working model of an atom?

The standard model is absolutely incorrect. Fusion is impossible and imaginary, and the stars are not fusion reactors. That's why scientists wasted 80 years and lots of money to research and develop fusion without any success. If stars are fusion reactors and constantly release energy, why the temperature of the universe is stable? Why the so-called cosmic microwave background is stable and detectible?

Scientists don't know exactly what energy is yet. How could E=MC^2 be correct?

Electromagnetism is the most accepted theory, but it is not correct at all. Look at antennas, the antenna is a terminal, how can current flow back and forth in an antenna to produce so-called EM waves? A continuous, unbroken path through which electrons can flow is a closed circuit. Maxwell was wrong. There is no transverse wave moving at light speed in the vacuum due to there being no force carrier in existence.

Energy is the motive force carried by moving matter (kinetic energy) and the alternating current carried in atoms (thermal energy). Energy must coexist with the matter. Therefore, there is no light wave, and no energy traveling in space at light speed. All theories based on light propagating in the vacuum of space are mistaken.

All energy came from atom formation. Oppositely charged particles attract each other and the same charged particles repel each other to form an atom, and the atom carries charged particles’ kinetic energy and is constantly vibrating
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The words of Tesla:
"Nature has stored up in the universe infinite energy. The eternal recipient and transmitter of this infinite energy is the ether. The recognition of the existence of ether, and of the functions it performs, is one of the most important results of modern scientific research. The mere abandoning of the idea of action at a distance, the assumption of a medium pervading all space and connecting all gross matter, has freed the minds of thinkers of an ever-present doubt, and, by opening a new horizon new and unforeseen possibilities has given fresh interest to phenomena with which we are familiar of old."

He missed the fact that universal repulsion force/levity is the instant eternal transmitter of this infinite energy, matters are the recipient. He misinterpreted levity as aether.

Scientific misunderstanding

Mass, charge, energy, forces, fields, temperature, waves and frequencies all coexist with matter/atoms.

Absolutely nothing exists in space. Otherwise it would be impossible for planets to have stable orbits. 

Common scientific lies

Current science is full of errors and lies. Here are some of the most common scientific lies. 

Tides are caused by moon’s gravity is a lie

Tides are not caused by the gravitational pull of the moon, but are an illusion.

We see tides moving in and out of the bay.

The ocean sees coastal land moving up and down in flat water.

The moon's gravity cannot cause water to rise because the earth's gravity causes water to fall.

Periodic sunlight causes thermal expansion of the earth's crust, causing the coast to move through the ocean. This is the real mechanism of tides.

The Earth were a melting ball is a lie

Scientists do not understand that heat energy must coexist with matter. The temperature of the universe, stars and planets never changes. If heat could radiate or disappear into empty space, they could replace air conditioners and coolers with a vacuum container.

They falsely claim that long ago, the Earth was hot, a molten ball of liquid, so heavy metals fell into the center and became the metal core of the Earth.

The truth is that heavy metals are found mainly in the surface layers of the earth. No one can go to the center of the earth to dig for gold.

If the Earth were melted, then all the heavy metal elements would be in the core in the form of alloys. The truth is that we have pure metallic elements at the surface.

The Earth has a magnetosphere is a lie

A magnetosphere is the area around a planet that is dominated by the magnetic field of that planet. Other planets in our solar system also have magnetospheres, but Earth is the strongest of all the rocky planets: Earth's magnetosphere is a giant, comet-like bubble that plays a key role in the habitability of our planet. Wiki

Earth's imaginary magnetic pole is only measured 0.6 gauss, but has a giant bubble-like magnetosphere? Toy magnets are thousands of gauss. Where is the bubble-like magnetosphere?

The fictitious magnetosphere forms the fictitious Van Allen belts. Scientists have made up many lies to get funding for their research.

The Earth has a magnetic field is a lie

Why can a compass point to the Earth's 0.6 gauss north magnetic pole thousands of miles away, but not to a 5,000 gauss toy magnet a few feet away?

A magnet's magnetic field decays over a cube at a certain distance. The Earth's magnetic field is nearly uniform from 0.2 gauss around the equator to 0.6 gauss near the geographic poles. The Earth has no magnetic poles is fact. 

Sunlight induces a weak westward current in the atmosphere, which scientists misinterpret as the Earth having a magnetic field generated by a molten core.

This westward current causes all compasses to point north. As the Earth's circumference becomes smaller, this weak current becomes stronger as it approaches the poles, producing auroras.

The existence of the solar wind is a lie

NASA scientists falsely claimed that the sun continuously ejects charged electrons and protons to form the solar wind.

Where has the solar wind from all stars gone over the past billions of years?

If a star continues to blow out the solar wind for billions of years, how much mass will it lose?

Why don't electrons and protons in the solar wind attract each other and form hydrogen atoms?

If the solar wind exists in a vacuum, how can planets have stable orbits?

If the solar wind has mass, why doesn't it slow down due to gravity and fall back into the Sun?

Earth's Van Allen belts are a lie

Scientists falsely claimed that the Earth is surrounded by two dangerous Van Allen belts, formed by the Earth's magnetosphere that traps and holds charged electrons and protons from the solar wind. They faked space missions to measure the solar wind.

If the Van Allen belts exist, do they have mass? Why don't electrons and protons form hydrogen atoms? Why don't the belts fall to Earth? How can we see the stars? Why does the Earth have a magnetosphere, but magnets do not?

There are no magnets on Earth that can capture and hold electrons and protons to form the Van Allen belts, so how does the hypothetical magnetosphere in space do this?

Solar wind causes auroras is a lie

Auroras are the result of magnetospheric disturbances caused by the solar wind. Wiki

Scientists believe that charged electrons and protons from the solar wind hit the atmosphere to produce auroras.

NASA falsely claims that the solar wind hits the atmosphere to produce polar light. If this is true, we should have hydrogen gas increasing in the atmosphere. Why do polar lights only occur at night, with no direct sunlight?

The truth is that the imaginary solar wind is in the Sun-Earth direction and cannot produce rotating auroras.

Fact is that the solar wind and magnetosphere are hypothetical.

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The forth dimension is imaginary

We create three dimensions, width, length, and height, which are used to calculate the volume of a substance and measure it in units of length.

Only matter that has a physical existence that occupies space has dimensions. A vacuum has no direction or dimensions

Stupid scientists create other dimensions to support their false theories

Anything involving the fourth dimension is a mistake and a lie by physicists.

Time is not a dimension, but a concept that has no physical existence. Time travel and time dilation are stupid ideas proposed by stupid scientists.

There is no tide on Earth

With the exception of Galileo, all scientists throughout history mistakenly believed that tides were caused by the moon's gravity.

In fact, tides are an illusion of coastal movement in a flat ocean, caused by the thermal expansion of the Earth's crust caused by moving sunlight.

Nothing outside the Earth can touch or move the ocean water. Only moving objects, such as wind, marine life, ships, and the seafloor, can contact and move seawater, creating waves or tides.

  

If, as scientists say, the Moon's gravity creates two bulges of water on the far and near sides of the Earth, and these bulges of water move around the Earth causing tides, then there should be two highest bulges near the equator 12 hours apart moving westward at a speed of 1,000 m/h.

Why do tides only occur on the coast and not in the ocean? Why do different coasts experience one, two, or four tides per day, ranging in height from 0 to 50 feet, and moving in different directions at different speeds?

To prove that tides are an illusion, we set up a laser beam on a pier at the east end of the Bay of Fundy, pointing it parallel to sea level and toward a target on the west shore. 

Observations of this target were made at high and low tide. If tides were changes in sea level, the two targets would be the same. Otherwise, tides are an illusion of coastal seafloor moving over a flat ocean due to periodic thermal expansion of the Earth's crust.

https://www.noaa.gov/ocean/fundy-max

The article and pictures show that, at the same time, high tides reached 20 feet on the west side of the Bay of Fundy and 50 feet on the east side.

This fact proves that tides in the Bay of Fundy are the product of thermal expansion of the Earth's crust.

It is clear that during thermal expansion, sea level did not change, but the land on the east side of the Bay of Fundy rose by 50 feet, while the land on the west side of the Bay of Fundy rose by only 20 feet.

The diameter of the Earth is 8000 miles. thermal expansion of the crust moves some coasts up and down 50 feet in flat ocean is normal. Bridge expansion joints are what allow the concrete to naturally expand and contract without cracking. 

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Common physics lies

According to the laws of conservation of matter, energy and momentum, the universe must be self-existent and immortal. The temperatures of the stars and planets must be stable.

If the universe had a beginning, what came before it?

If the Earth was formed from a cloud of hot gas that cooled, how could there be heavy elements on the surface of the Earth? The heavy metals should have all sunk into the molten core and become alloys. Sand should be glass.

Before 19 century the universe was stable. The Big Bang theory is false. 

Common Physics Lies

Physicists say that the sun constantly radiates light and heat into space.

They do not understand that heat, light and energy must coexist with atoms/matter. Empty space cannot carry heat, light and energy.

If heat, light and energy could be radiated into space, then we could use vacuum containers instead of cooling systems.

The air we breathe contains 99.9% empty space, so why wouldn't the air cool?

The existing of solar wind is a lie

NASA scientists lie that the sun is constantly blowing out charged electrons and protons to form the solar wind.

Where has the solar wind been for the past several billion years for all stars?

Why don't the electrons and protons in the solar wind attract each other and form hydrogen atoms?

If the solar wind exists in empty space, how can the planets have stable orbits?

If the solar wind has mass, why does it not slow down and fall back to the Sun under gravity?

The Earth has no magnetic field

The strength of the Earth's magnetic field is assumed to be 0.6 gauss when measured at the hypothetical magnetic poles, dropping to 0.2 gauss around the equator.

In fact, the Earth has no magnetic field or poles. The compass points north because the sun's energy moves westward, causing currents in the atmosphere to move westward.

This westward-moving current in the atmosphere in the Earth's shadow induces auroras that spin westward.

Scientists falsely claim that the Earth's molten core causes the Earth's magnetic field. False claims that the solar wind exists and that the solar wind produces auroras. False claims that the Earth has a magnetosphere that extends into space and produces the Van Allen belts.

How the Sun illuminates the Earth and the Moon

Because the outer layer of all atoms are negatively charged, the atoms on the visible surfaces of the Sun, Earth, and Moon repel each other with a Coulomb force. This repulsive force was called levity by scientists before 19 century. I name it universal repulsion force. It is a fundamental force of mass. 

This repulsive force conducts an oscillating electricity instantaneously at any distance. This is the true mechanism of radiation and light.

The voltage of the oscillating electricity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. This is why planets closer to the sun are hotter. This is also the true mechanism of the second law of thermal dynamics. 

Physicists incorrectly believe that light, which is a photon particle emitted by the sun, takes 8 minutes to reach the earth and illuminate everything.

A Collection of Scientific Lies

Global warming is a lie There has been no change in recorded sea levels, average temperatures and the ppm of CO2. Obama and the elites are buying beachfront property is a fact.

All Space missions are lies. Rockets are advanced fireworks. Bigger size and more stages do not increase efficiency. The more fuel carried, the more fuel required for liftoff. Rocket propulsion is similar to firing machine gun utilizing the recoil for propulsion. There is absolutely no way to escape Earth's gravity.

Nuclear fusion and subatomic particles are lies. The smallest particle that exists is hydrogen atom. Hydrogen atom is indestructible. Electrons protons neutrons are lies. Charged particles could not exist or they would all be attracted by the Coulomb force and turn into a massive ball. The universe would not have stars and planets.

The Earth has magnetosphere, magnetic poles and magnetic field, has two Van Allen Belts, has solar wind creating polar lights are all lies. 

The tides are caused by the moon’s gravitational force is also a lie. Tides are an illusion of thermal expansion of the earth crust moving coastal line in the stable oceans. 

Physicists discovered many new sub atomic particles, detected gravitational waves, took pictures of black holes are all lies that won Nebel Prizes and breakthrough prizes.

Science after the 19th century was a cult. Corrupt scientists and politicians created NASA, CERN, LIGO, particle and fusion labs to scam tax dollars for over 100 years now. Nuclear fusion is still fictional. 

How the sun works

Scientists falsely claim that the Sun is a fusion reactor, constantly emitting photon particles and solar wind.

In fact, all stars are balls of mass, warmer, brighter matter that are oscillating generators and transformers.

Because each atom has its own unique structure, it is an oscillating generator and transformer.

Atoms are eternal generators and transformers

All atoms consist of indestructible, electrically charged hollow spheres and internally charged solid spheres. The so-called electrons are actually negatively charged liquids attached to the surface of the atom.

The hollow sphere has multiple layers, each with an opposite charge.

The inner sphere and inner layers of all atoms have the same charge.

According to Coulomb's law, the inner balls of all atoms oscillate constantly at a natural frequency and never touch the inner layers. Theoretically, the ability of an atom to carry an infinite amount of energy depends on the input.

The more atoms there are, the higher the energy density, the higher the temperature, and the brighter the light. Atoms oscillate at higher voltages.

Stars do not emit energy or photons outward, but induce other masses around them to oscillate at their frequency. This is the true mechanism of light, photons and radiation.

Relatively and QM are useless in reality

But for physicists, it is the perfect tool to cheat tax dollars by faking space missions, fusion and subatomic particle research, and detecting hypothetical black holes and gravitational waves.

Moving into the modern scientific era, the first real prediction of a total solar eclipse (time and place) occurred in 1715. Comet Edmond Halley accurately predicted a total solar eclipse within 4 minutes and 20 miles of his home in London. He made full use of Isaac Newton's new theory of gravity and orbital mechanics: the Principia.

Theoretical physicists are pigs and liars

You all know that Einstein said that anyone who thinks they know what a light quantum/photon is is wrong. Yet you all spread the lie that photons are real particles and take 8 minutes to travel from the sun to the earth.

You all know that planets cannot have stable orbits if gravity is not instantaneous. Yet spread the lie that gravitational waves move at the speed of light. 

You all know that imaginary electrons and protons must be attracted to each other by the Coulomb force and cannot be separated. Yet he spread the lie of discovering many many subatomic particles and won many Nobel Prize. 

You all know that mass ejection propulsion technology is based on the law of conservation of momentum, so the center of mass doesn't move no matter what. Yet spread the lie that space missions are real. 

You all know that the average temperature of the earth, the sea level, and the ppm level of CO2 in the atmosphere have never changed in the last hundred years of scientific record. But spreading the lie that global is warming. 

Are your head full of monkey brains?

Our planetary system lies on the outer spiral arm of the Milky Way. NASA  

How do tree bugs recognize the size and shape of a forest?

Have you seen NASA's clear images of black holes and galaxies billions of light years away?

Why don't they show us cars and flags from the near-by moon?

They can send a helicopter to Mars, but they can't send a GoPro to the moon?

The impossibility of space travel

The mass ejection technique follows the law of conservation of momentum, so that the center of mass does not move, no matter how large the ejection volume or how fast the ejection speed.

A rocket leaves the Earth at an escape velocity of 11,000 meters per second.

It decelerates at 9.8 meters per second and stops at zero speed 18 minutes later, reaching an altitude of 7,000 kilometers above the Earth. It will then fall back to Earth in 18 minutes.

The moon is 380,000 kilometers high above earth. How can any rockets fly to the Moon or Mars? NASA absolutely faked all space missions.

How atoms carry energy

All atoms consist of indestructible, electrically charged hollow spheres and internally charged solid spheres. What are called electrons are actually negatively charged liquids attached to the surface of the atom.

The inner ball of an atom is constantly oscillating at a natural frequency  

The oscillating current/energy is proportional to the mass/charge of the oscillating inner sphere and the oscillating voltage.

The color of an atom is determined by its oscillation frequency.

The temperature of an atom is proportional to its oscillating voltage. Mechanism of the second law of thermodynamics.

Why matter has mass

Matter is made of atoms. Atoms are made of electrically charged atomic parts.

Atomic parts have an electric charge. All charges carry the Coulomb force.

The mass of an atom is equal to the charge it carries. The mass of a piece of matter is equal to the total mass of the atoms in that matter.

Atom and electron

All atoms consist of indestructible, electrically charged hollow sphere and internally charged solid sphere.

Outside each atom is a layer of negatively charged liquid that scientists mistaken for electrons.

This liquid attaches to non-metal atoms due to outer layer is positively charged and floats on metal atoms due to outer layer is negatively charged. The floating liquid on the surface of a conductor conducts electricity.

Electricity is generated instantaneously, just as water flows instantaneously through a water pipe.

The voltage of the electricity is proportional to the moving speed of the floating liquid. 

Atoms are eternal generators and transformers

All atoms consist of indestructible, electrically charged hollow sphere and internally charged solid sphere. What are called electrons are actually negatively charged liquid attached to the surface of the atom.

The hollow sphere has multiple layers, each with an opposite charge.

The inner sphere and inner layer of all atoms have the same charge.

According to Coulomb's law, the inner sphere of all atoms are oscillating constantly at a natural frequency and never can touch the inner layer. Theoretically, the ability of an atom to carry any amount of energy depends on the input.

Due to every atom has equal positive and negative charge. Therefore they all attract each other like magnets attract magnets no matter direction or distance. This is the mechanism of gravity. 

Nature’s way of life

Nature’s way of life follows the law of conservation:

H2O + CO2 + Electricity generated by the sun's rays on earth = CH2O + O2

CH2O + O2 = H2O + CO2 + 300+400 KJ

Trees eat CO2, drink water, and produce CH2O and O2 in sunlight to provide us with food.

We eat CH2O, drink water, breathe in O2, generate electricity to sustain life, and exhale CO2 and water to feed the trees.

This is how nature cycles life. The man-made cycle couldn't be better.

Burning plants, coal and oil to produce energy is by far the best way. All other methods are wrong.

After industrialization, we produced a lot of CO2, but the global temperature did not change. The ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere has remained the same. The fact is, the more we produce, the more plants grow, that's the balance of nature. 

The easiest way to prove that the earth is not flat

Compass, type measurer, pen and paper. Everything you need.

Observe the shadow of an utility pole in your neighborhood at high noon, and when the shadow is moved to its shortest position, call your friends live at different time zooms and ask them to observe their poles and measure the length of the poles as well as the length and direction of the shadows. Measure the length of the poles on the ground at a 45-degree angle.

Analyze the data. Draw your own conclusion and try to calculate the size of the earth. 

Words are created by humans

Words like water, cloud, color, mass, and temperature are tangible existences that we can see, touch, Measure and feel.

Words like electron, quantum, field, space-time, higher dimensions, black hole, magnetosphere, photon, solar wind, Van Allen belts, magnetic field, etc., on the other hand, are fictional word puzzles with no physical existence used by scientists in their erroneous theories.

Similarly god is religious people created unicorn fart. 

Energy is motive force

Energy and matter coexist inextricably. A moving mass carries kinetic energy. Mass at rest carries potential energy. All mass carries thermal energy.

All energy is essentially electrical. Heat energy is an oscillating current produced by atomic oscillations.

Unidirectional electricity is produced by batteries, solar cells, or transformers. Oscillating electricity is produced by generators or light.

Light is oscillating electric atoms carried at visible frequencies.

Light and energy

Light and matter are both single entities, and the apparent duality arises in the limitations of our knowledge. - Werner Heisenberr

All these fifty years of conscious brooding have brought me no nearer to the answer to the question, 'What are light quanta?' Nowadays every Tom, D i c k and Harry thinks he knows it, but he is mistaken. - Albert Einstein

It is important to realize that in physics today, we have no knowledge of what energy is. We do not have a picture that energy comes in little blobs of a definite amount. It is not that way. - Richard Feynman

Light is visible frequency oscillating electricity atoms carried. Energy is oscillating electricity coexisting with atoms. - Joe Chang 2023

The devil took over

In the 20th century, Newton's laws were replaced by quantum mechanics and relativity as the most fundamental laws of physics. Wiki.

Virtually all new theories and discoveries in physics after the discovery of the law of conservation of energy in 1850 are not true. If the law of conservation of energy holds true, how did the Big Bang theory survive? 

After 1900, science became a cult. Evil physicists and politicians used false theories to scam tax dollars to build NASA, CERB, LIGO, particle and fusion labs.

All space missions are not real. Fireworks will never send any payload into space. None of the so-called subatomic particles exist. The smallest matter is the hydrogen atomic particle.

Atom and electron

All atoms are made up of indestructible, electrically charged, hollow spheres  

Outside each atom is a layer of negatively charged liquid that scientists mistake for electrons.

This liquid attaches to non-metal atoms and floats on metal atoms.

The floating liquid on the surface of a conductor conducts electricity.

Electricity is generated instantaneously, just as water flows instantaneously through a water pipe.

The voltage of the electricity is proportional to the moving speed of the floating liquid. 

Atomic structure

Atomic structure 

All atoms are made up of indestructible, electrically charged hollow spheres.

The hollow sphere of a metal atom contains three layers. For example, gold atoms have an inner layer with 90 negative charges, a middle layer with 92 positive charges, and an outer layer with 2 negative charges.

Non-conducting atoms have only two layers. For example, carbon atoms have an inner layer with 6 positive charges and an outer layer with 6 negative charges.

The oxygen atom is special. It has an indestructible charged ball inside a hollow sphere. It constantly oscillates at a natural frequency.

Oxygen atoms have this oscillating ball inside can carry a lot of energy. When two oxygen atoms collide the two oscillating balls can be electrically locked near the mass center of the O2 and stored potential energy. 

Who discovered the conservation laws

The laws of conservation 

Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of conservation of momentum. He did this when he formulated his laws of motion. It

The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In other words, the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction.

Between 1842 and 1847, Julius Robert von Mayer , James Prescott Joule , and Hermann von Helmholtz discovered and formulated the basics of what we refer to today as the law of conservation of energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.

The History of the Word "Energy"

The word “energy” comes from the Greek enérgeia. Developed by Aristotle, enérgeia has no direct translation to English. It is frequently described as “being at work”.

Although the term English “energy” acquired its current definition (meaning the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object to perform work or heat the object) in the 19th century, the ideas behind the concept began forming at the end of the 17th century, when the term was first used in English to refer to “power”.

By 1686, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had developed concepts that correspond to our current understanding of kinetic and potential mechanical energy. However, he didn’t use the term “energy”.

Thomas Young first introduced the word “energy” to the field of physics in 1800, but the word did not gain popularity. Young later established the wave nature of light through interference experiments. The related term “work” was defined in 1828/29 by Gustave Gaspard de Coriolis and Jean-Victor Poncelet .

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

(1646 − 1716)

Thomas Young

(1773 − 1829)

Gustave Gaspard de Coriolis

(1792 − 1843)

Jean-Victor Poncelet

(1788 − 1867)

Between 1842 and 1847, Julius Robert von Mayer , James Prescott Joule , and Hermann von Helmholtz discovered and formulated the basics of what we refer to today as the law of conservation of energy:

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.

Instead of the word “energy”, however, they used the terms “living force”, “tensional force” or “fall-force”.

Julius Robert von Mayer

(1814 − 1878)

James Prescott Joule

(1818 − 1889)

Hermann von Helmholtz

(1821 − 1894)

In 1851 − 1852, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and William J. M. Rankine began to use the word “energy” to denote any kind of “force” across all branches of science. Finally, in 1905, Albert Einstein established the general equivalence of energy and mass with his theory of relativity. From there, the concept of “energy” was generalized into the form used today.

William Thomson

(1824 − 1907)

William J. M. Rankine

(1820 − 1872)

Albert Einstein

(1879 − 1955)

Light and energy 

Light and matter are both single entities, and the apparent duality arises in the limitations of our knowledge. - Werner Heisenberr

All these fifty years of conscious brooding have brought me no nearer to the answer to the question, 'What are light quanta?' Nowadays every Tom, D i c k and Harry thinks he knows it, but he is mistaken. - Albert Einstein

It is important to realize that in physics today, we have no knowledge of what energy is. We do not have a picture that energy comes in little blobs of a definite amount. It is not that way. - Richard Feynman

Light is visible frequency oscillating electricity atoms carried. Energy is oscillating electricity coexisting with atoms. - Joe Chang 

If god knows not how atoms are constructed there would be no creation.  Joe Chang  2023